Preparation of 2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-one derivatives and evaluation of their germination-promoting activity

J Agric Food Chem. 2007 Mar 21;55(6):2189-94. doi: 10.1021/jf0633241. Epub 2007 Feb 23.

Abstract

The butenolide, 3-methyl-2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-one (1), has recently been identified as the germination stimulant present in smoke that promotes the germination of seeds from a wide range of plant species. In this paper, we describe the preparation of a number of analogues of 1 and compare their efficacy in promoting seed germination of three highly smoke-responsive plant species, Lactuca sativa L. cv. Grand Rapids (Asteraceae), Emmenanthe penduliflora Benth. (Hydrophyllaceae), and Solanum orbiculatum Poir. (Solanaceae). The results show that the methyl substituent at C-3 in 1 is important for germination-promoting activity while substitution at C-7 reduces activity. In contrast, bioactivity is mostly retained with analogues substituted at C-4 or C-5.

MeSH terms

  • Furans / chemistry*
  • Furans / pharmacology*
  • Germination / drug effects*
  • Hydrophyllaceae / drug effects
  • Lactuca / drug effects
  • Methylation
  • Pyrans / chemistry*
  • Pyrans / pharmacology*
  • Seeds / drug effects
  • Seeds / growth & development
  • Smoke / analysis
  • Solanum / drug effects

Substances

  • 3-methyl-2H-furo(2,3-c)pyran-2-one
  • Furans
  • Pyrans
  • Smoke